Ethnomathematics Study: the Technique of Counting Fish Seeds (Osphronemus Gouramy) of Sundanese Style
Abstract
Konsep etnomatematik yang diajukan oleh D'Ambrosio memandang budaya dan matematika sebagai dua hal yang saling berhubungan yang bisa dijelaskan satu sama lain melalui kegiatan sehari-hari masyarakat yang matematis. Penelitian ini setidaknya mengusung dua misi, yaitu misi pendidikan dan kebudayaan. Sejarah mencatat bahwa orang Sunda memiliki teknik unik dalam menghitung benih ikan (Osphronemus gouramy). Keunikannya terlihat dari bagaimana mereka menghitung dengan bernyanyi dan juga dalam perspektif proses matematis. Studi interpretif ini mengeksplorasi konsep matematika yang terdapat dalam budaya Sunda dan memberikan gambaran tentang antropologi budaya melalui pendekatan etnomatematik. Penelitian ini mengamati empat peternak ikan senior dari berbagai kota di Priangan Timur. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa orang Sunda menggunakan konsep dari sedikit dari lima orang dalam menghitung benih ikan. Selain itu, mereka juga sangat terampil dalam menerapkan sifat distribusi perkalian, namun mereka tidak mengetahui istilahnya secara matematis. Bahkan pada konsep identitas dan invers, secara tidak langsung mereka telah menerapkannya tanpa mengetahui sifat tersebut. Hampir semua responden tidak bisa menjelaskan bagaimana mereka mendapatkan proses perkalian ini karena empat responden lulusan sekolah dasar, bahkan beberapa di antaranya tidak tamat. Mereka mengatakan bahwa matematika bisa dikuasai oleh pengalaman. Dari perspektif antropologi, ikan gurame memiliki nilai semiotika yang sangat berarti bagi orang Sunda, hal ini menunjukkan nilai prestise orang Sunda. Dari perspektif budaya, penelitian ini memaparkan kearifan lokal orang Sunda menjadi bagian dari upaya menegakkan nilai-nilai budaya bangsa. Dari perspektif pendidikan, penelitian ini bisa menjadi upaya mengurangi gagasan bahwa matematika dan budaya bebas budaya.
Kata kunci: antropologi budaya, etnomatematik, Osphronemus gouramy, budaya Sunda
ABSTRACT
Ethnomathematical concept that was proposed by D'Ambrosio looked at culture and mathematics as an interconnected thing that can be explained each other by everyday mathematical activities of society. This research at least brings two missions, namely educational and cultural missions. History noted that the Sundanese have a unique technique in counting fish seeds (Osphronemus gouramy). The uniqueness is visible from how they count by singing and also in the perspective of mathematical process. This interpretive study explores the mathematical concepts contained in the Sundanese culture and provide an overview of cultural anthropology through an ethnomathematics approach. This research observed four senior farmers from different cities in Priangan Timur. The results show that Sundanese uses the concept of a multiple of five in counting fish seeds. In addition, they are also highly skilled at applying the distributive properties of multiplication, but they don’t know the term mathematically. Even the concept of identity and inverse, indirectly they have applied it without knowing the terms. Almost all respondents cannot explain how they got this multiplication process because the four of respondents only went to elementary school, even some of them did not finish it. They said clearly that mathematics can be mastered by experience. From the anthropology perspective, Gourami Fish has a very meaningful semiotics value for Sundanese, it shows the prestige value of Sundanese. From a cultural perspective, this research exposes Sundaneses’ local wisdom becomes part of the effort to uphold the nation's cultural values. From educational perspective, this study could be an effort in reducing the notion that mathematics and culture are culturally-free.
Keywords: cultural-anthropolgy, ethnomathematics, Osphronemus gouramy, Sundanese culture
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