Pengetahuan publik akan implikasi pencemaran mikroplastik dalam keamanan pangan seafood
Abstract
Latar belakang: Sebagian besar populasi manusia di dunia terpapar partikel mikroplastik maupun nanoplastik langsung melalui makanan, terutama ketika mengkonsumsi ikan dan makanan laut. Seafood merupakan salah satu sumber protein hewani yang penting. Namun, seafood banyak tercemar dari paparan sampah plastik maupun limbah yang terkandung pada air laut. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pemahaman mengenai dampak mikroplastik yang terkandung pada bahan makanan seperti seafood. Metode: Penelitian survey ini menggunakan angket yang disebarluaskan menggunakan platform online yaitu google form secara acak melalui grup-grup whatsapp pada April-Juni 2022. Sebanyak 141 orang responden, khususnya dari Provinsi Jawa Tengah, telah berpartisipasi dalam survey ini. Angket disajikan dalam bentuk multiple choice, rating scale, dan open ended. Sejumlah 21 butir pertanyaan mencakup 5 indikator utama yaitu (1) demografi responden, (2) frekuensi mengonsumsi seafood, (3) penggunaan plastik, (4) pengetahuan mengenai dampak pencemaran mikroplastik dan (5) penanggulangan mikroplastik dalam seafood. Hasil: Hasil survey menunjukkan bahwa 63,8% responden mengetahui informasi mengenai pencemaran laut oleh sampah plastik, atau mikroplastik. Dari jumlah tersebut hanya 26,78% yang memamahami dengan baik dampak kelimpahan mikroplastik dalam seafood terhadap kesehatan. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan public mengenai implikasi pencemaran mikroplastik tehadap keamanan pangan seafood masih belum komprehensif dan perlu ditingkatkan.
ABSTRACT
Background: Most of the human population in the world is exposed to microplastic and nano plastic particles directly through food, especially when consuming fish and seafood. Seafood is an important source of animal protein. However, seafood is polluted a lot from exposure to plastic waste and waste contained in seawater. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the impact of microplastics contained in foodstuffs such as seafood. Methods: This survey research uses a questionnaire that is distributed using an online platform, namely google form randomly through WhatsApp groups in April-June 2022. A total of 141 respondents, especially from Central Java Province, have participated in this survey. Questionnaires are presented in the form of multiple choice, rating scales, and open-ended. A total of 21 questions cover 5 main indicators, namely (1) demographics of respondents, (2) frequency of consuming seafood, (3) use of plastics, (4) knowledge about the impact of microplastic pollution, and (5) prevention of microplastics in seafood. Results: The survey results show that 63.8% of respondents know information about marine pollution by plastic waste, or microplastics. Of this number, only 26.78% have a good understanding of the impact of the abundance of microplastics in seafood on health. Conclusion: This study shows that public knowledge regarding the implications of microplastic pollution on seafood food safety is still not comprehensive and needs to be improved.
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