Gambaran Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Pada Layanan Kesehatan di Indonesia: Sebuah Literature Review
Abstract
Human Resource Management (HRM) is a strategic component within the healthcare system that directly influences service quality and organizational performance. This review aims to identify and analyze literature discussing the roles, challenges, and strategies of HRM in the context of health services. The literature search was conducted through databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and Academia.edu using the keywords "human resource management", "health services", and "healthcare workforce" for articles published between 2019 and 2024. The findings highlight major HRM issues such as healthcare workforce shortages, excessive workloads, low staff retention, and suboptimal continuous training. Effective strategies identified include strengthening HR planning, capacity development, incentive-based approaches, and the use of information technology. These findings offer significant implications for policymakers and hospital managers in improving the effectiveness of healthcare workforce management. To address the key challenges in human resource management within healthcare services, it is recommended to implement need-based and data-driven workforce planning.
References
Al Rajab, M., Nordianiwati, Yuniliza, Werdani, K. ., Hedo, D. J. P. K., Argaheni, N. B., Indriyani, Y., Muninggar, Winbaktianur, Soamole, M. S., Muthia, A., & & Pudyastuti, R. . (2023). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Kesehatan (1st ed.). In PT. Global Eksekutif Teknologi (Issue July).
Aldy, M., & Johan, H. (2023). Jurnal Inovasi Kesehatan Adaptif. SENTRI: Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, 5, 71–85.
Edvardsson, I. R., & Durst, S. (2021). Human resource management in crisis situations: A systematic literature review. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(22), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212406
Gile, P. P., Buljac-Samardzic, M., & Van De Klundert, J. (2018). The effect of human resource management on performance in hospitals in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic literature review. Human Resources for Health, 16(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-018-0298-4
Haryani, D. (2023). Madani?: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisipline Pengaruh Kualitas SDM Terhadap Pelayanan Kesehatan di Puskesmas Merdeka Kota Palembang Madani?: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisipline. Madani?: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisipline, 1(23), 719–727.
Hasibuan, I. D., Silalahi, S. A., & Ramadhani, A. N. (2024). Analisis Manajemen SDM Kesehatan di Puskesmas Medan Johor. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 5(1), 1843–1849.
Jacqueline Makanoneng, Sri Sundari, & Marisi Pakpahan. (2024). Implementasi Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Di Fasilitas Kesehatan: Kajian Studi Literatur. Lokawati?: Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen Dan Inovasi Riset, 2(2), 304–310. https://doi.org/10.61132/lokawati.v2i2.675
Kabene, S. M., Orchard, C., Howard, J. M., Soriano, M. A., & Leduc, R. (2006). The importance of human resources management in health care: A global context. Human Resources for Health, 4, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-4-20
Lega, F., Prenestini, A., & Spurgeon, P. (2013). Is management essential to improving the performance and sustainability of health care systems and organizations? A systematic review and a roadmap for future studies. Value in Health, 16(1 SUPPL.), S46–S51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2012.10.004
Mulyawati, S. D., Setyaningsih, Y., & Denny, H. M. (2024). A Literature Review of Human Resource Management in Improving Performance in Health Services. 26(2), 400–414.
Nadiah Salsabila, Muhammad Firdaus, Bobi Handoko, A. S. Y. (2023). Analisis Strategi Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia (Msdm) Dalam Menigkatkan Mutu Pelayanan Di Rsud Arifin Achmad Povinsi Riau. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 1(5), 657–668.
Octaviani, P., Fitri, T. A., Kurnia, I. P., Wasir, R., Arbitera, C., Pembangunan, U., Veteran, N., Pembangunan, U., Veteran, N., Pembangunan, U., Veteran, N., Pembangunan, U., Veteran, N., Pembangunan, U., & Veteran, N. (2024). Perencanaan Sdm Kesehatan?: Mewujudkan Kebutuhan. 4(6), 953–960.
Puanurani, R., Abdillah, A., Nabilah, H., & Wasir, R. (2024). TEKNOLOGI DAN INOVASI DALAM MANAJEMEN SDM KESEHATAN?: MENINGKATKAN EFISIENSI MELALUI DIGITAL. 4(6), 840–847.
Purwadi, P., Widjaja, Y. R., Junius, J., & Mahmudah, N. (2024). Strategic Human Resource Management in Healthcare: Elevating Patient Care and Organizational Excellence through Effective HRM Practices. Golden Ratio of Data in Summary, 4(2), 88–93. https://doi.org/10.52970/grdis.v4i2.540
Qin, X., Huang, Y. N., Hu, Z., Chen, K., Li, L., Wang, R. S., & Wang, B. L. (2023). Human resource management research in healthcare: a big data bibliometric study. Human Resources for Health, 21(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-023-00865-x
Rismiyanto; Marchamah, Dwi Nur Siti; Arumsari, Wahyuni. 2024. “Hubungan Kinerja Perawat Dengan Kepuasan Pasien Di Rumah Sakit X Kabupaten Semarang.” Indonesian Journal of Health Community 5(1): 35–44. doi:https://doi.org/10.31331/ijheco.v5i1.3299.
Rotea, C. C., Ploscaru, A. N., Bocean, C. G., V?rzaru, A. A., Mangra, M. G., & Mangra, G. I. (2023). The Link between HRM Practices and Performance in Healthcare: The Mediating Role of the Organizational Change Process. Healthcare (Switzerland), 11(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11091236
Sari, R. P. (2023). Manajemen Perencanaan Penempatan Sumber Daya Manusia Di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Rokan Hulu (Systematic Literature Riview). Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Indonesia, 1(1), 50–55. https://publikasi.abidan.org/index.php/jiki/article/view/116
Sharma, A., Borah, S. B., & Moses, A. C. (2021). Responses to COVID-19: The role of governance, healthcare infrastructure, and learning from past pandemics. Journal of Business Research, 122(102), 597–607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.09.011
Thaliah, A., Priyono, P., Alba, A. M., Wasir, R., & Arbitera, C. (2024). MANAJEMEN KINERJA SDM KESEHATAN?: MENJAGA KUALITAS. 4(6), 871–882.
Than, H. M., Nong, V. M., Nguyen, C. T., Dong, K. P., Ngo, H. T., Doan, T. T., Do, N. T., Nguyen, T. H. T., Van Do, T., Dao, C. X., Nguyen, T. Q., Pham, T. N., & Do, C. D. (2020). Mental health and health-related quality-of-life outcomes among frontline health workers during the peak of covid-19 outbreak in Vietnam: A cross-sectional study. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 13, 2927–2936. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S280749
World Health Organization. (2020). State of the World’s Nursing Report-2020. In Https://Www.Who.Int/China/News/Detail/07-04-2020-World-Health-Day-2020-Year-of-the-Nurse-and-Midwife. file:///C:/Users/Rosa/Desktop/tesis 222/9789240003279-eng estado de enfermeria 2020 oms.pdf
Zahra, A., Shafa, F., Mulya, F., Tiara, I., Sangha, S., & Trisnawati, W. (2022). ANALISIS MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA KESEHATAN TERHADAP KUALITAS PELAYANAN UKM DI PUSKESMAS CIOMAS Analysis of Health Human Resources Management on The Quality of Services for UKM Services in Puskesmas Ciomas. January. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.23742.82242
Aldy, M., & Johan, H. (2023). Jurnal Inovasi Kesehatan Adaptif. SENTRI: Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, 5, 71–85.
Edvardsson, I. R., & Durst, S. (2021). Human resource management in crisis situations: A systematic literature review. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(22), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212406
Gile, P. P., Buljac-Samardzic, M., & Van De Klundert, J. (2018). The effect of human resource management on performance in hospitals in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic literature review. Human Resources for Health, 16(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-018-0298-4
Haryani, D. (2023). Madani?: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisipline Pengaruh Kualitas SDM Terhadap Pelayanan Kesehatan di Puskesmas Merdeka Kota Palembang Madani?: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisipline. Madani?: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisipline, 1(23), 719–727.
Hasibuan, I. D., Silalahi, S. A., & Ramadhani, A. N. (2024). Analisis Manajemen SDM Kesehatan di Puskesmas Medan Johor. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 5(1), 1843–1849.
Jacqueline Makanoneng, Sri Sundari, & Marisi Pakpahan. (2024). Implementasi Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Di Fasilitas Kesehatan: Kajian Studi Literatur. Lokawati?: Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen Dan Inovasi Riset, 2(2), 304–310. https://doi.org/10.61132/lokawati.v2i2.675
Kabene, S. M., Orchard, C., Howard, J. M., Soriano, M. A., & Leduc, R. (2006). The importance of human resources management in health care: A global context. Human Resources for Health, 4, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-4-20
Lega, F., Prenestini, A., & Spurgeon, P. (2013). Is management essential to improving the performance and sustainability of health care systems and organizations? A systematic review and a roadmap for future studies. Value in Health, 16(1 SUPPL.), S46–S51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2012.10.004
Mulyawati, S. D., Setyaningsih, Y., & Denny, H. M. (2024). A Literature Review of Human Resource Management in Improving Performance in Health Services. 26(2), 400–414.
Nadiah Salsabila, Muhammad Firdaus, Bobi Handoko, A. S. Y. (2023). Analisis Strategi Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia (Msdm) Dalam Menigkatkan Mutu Pelayanan Di Rsud Arifin Achmad Povinsi Riau. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 1(5), 657–668.
Octaviani, P., Fitri, T. A., Kurnia, I. P., Wasir, R., Arbitera, C., Pembangunan, U., Veteran, N., Pembangunan, U., Veteran, N., Pembangunan, U., Veteran, N., Pembangunan, U., Veteran, N., Pembangunan, U., & Veteran, N. (2024). Perencanaan Sdm Kesehatan?: Mewujudkan Kebutuhan. 4(6), 953–960.
Puanurani, R., Abdillah, A., Nabilah, H., & Wasir, R. (2024). TEKNOLOGI DAN INOVASI DALAM MANAJEMEN SDM KESEHATAN?: MENINGKATKAN EFISIENSI MELALUI DIGITAL. 4(6), 840–847.
Purwadi, P., Widjaja, Y. R., Junius, J., & Mahmudah, N. (2024). Strategic Human Resource Management in Healthcare: Elevating Patient Care and Organizational Excellence through Effective HRM Practices. Golden Ratio of Data in Summary, 4(2), 88–93. https://doi.org/10.52970/grdis.v4i2.540
Qin, X., Huang, Y. N., Hu, Z., Chen, K., Li, L., Wang, R. S., & Wang, B. L. (2023). Human resource management research in healthcare: a big data bibliometric study. Human Resources for Health, 21(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-023-00865-x
Rismiyanto; Marchamah, Dwi Nur Siti; Arumsari, Wahyuni. 2024. “Hubungan Kinerja Perawat Dengan Kepuasan Pasien Di Rumah Sakit X Kabupaten Semarang.” Indonesian Journal of Health Community 5(1): 35–44. doi:https://doi.org/10.31331/ijheco.v5i1.3299.
Rotea, C. C., Ploscaru, A. N., Bocean, C. G., V?rzaru, A. A., Mangra, M. G., & Mangra, G. I. (2023). The Link between HRM Practices and Performance in Healthcare: The Mediating Role of the Organizational Change Process. Healthcare (Switzerland), 11(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11091236
Sari, R. P. (2023). Manajemen Perencanaan Penempatan Sumber Daya Manusia Di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Rokan Hulu (Systematic Literature Riview). Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Indonesia, 1(1), 50–55. https://publikasi.abidan.org/index.php/jiki/article/view/116
Sharma, A., Borah, S. B., & Moses, A. C. (2021). Responses to COVID-19: The role of governance, healthcare infrastructure, and learning from past pandemics. Journal of Business Research, 122(102), 597–607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.09.011
Thaliah, A., Priyono, P., Alba, A. M., Wasir, R., & Arbitera, C. (2024). MANAJEMEN KINERJA SDM KESEHATAN?: MENJAGA KUALITAS. 4(6), 871–882.
Than, H. M., Nong, V. M., Nguyen, C. T., Dong, K. P., Ngo, H. T., Doan, T. T., Do, N. T., Nguyen, T. H. T., Van Do, T., Dao, C. X., Nguyen, T. Q., Pham, T. N., & Do, C. D. (2020). Mental health and health-related quality-of-life outcomes among frontline health workers during the peak of covid-19 outbreak in Vietnam: A cross-sectional study. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 13, 2927–2936. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S280749
World Health Organization. (2020). State of the World’s Nursing Report-2020. In Https://Www.Who.Int/China/News/Detail/07-04-2020-World-Health-Day-2020-Year-of-the-Nurse-and-Midwife. file:///C:/Users/Rosa/Desktop/tesis 222/9789240003279-eng estado de enfermeria 2020 oms.pdf
Zahra, A., Shafa, F., Mulya, F., Tiara, I., Sangha, S., & Trisnawati, W. (2022). ANALISIS MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA KESEHATAN TERHADAP KUALITAS PELAYANAN UKM DI PUSKESMAS CIOMAS Analysis of Health Human Resources Management on The Quality of Services for UKM Services in Puskesmas Ciomas. January. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.23742.82242
Published
2025-07-19
How to Cite
FUADI, Mirza Fathan.
Gambaran Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Pada Layanan Kesehatan di Indonesia: Sebuah Literature Review.
Indonesian Journal of Health Community, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 1, p. 42-49, july 2025.
ISSN 2775-9997.
Available at: <https://e-journal.ivet.ac.id/index.php/ijheco/article/view/3889>. Date accessed: 28 july 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.31331/ijheco.v6i1.3889.
Section
Articles
