Analisis Struktur Kognitif Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Pembagian Bilangan Bulat
Abstract
Pembelajaran yang lebih ditekankan pada prosedur dan hasil dalam penyelesaian masalah tidak akan mengaktifkan strukur kognitif (berpikir) siswa dan tidak meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir matematis. Siswa hanya akan meniru prosedur yang dilakukan guru. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus pembelajaran matematika di kelas IV sekolah dasar pada materi pembagian bilangan bulat. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan struktur kognitif siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah. Penelitian menggunakan metode kombinasi (kualitatif-kuantitatif) dengan desain concurrent embedded. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan secara trianggulasi yaitu observasi partisipan, wawancara yang mendalam, serta studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur kognitif Siswa A memiliki struktur kognitif komparatif dan siswa B memiliki struktur kognitif penalaran logis. Siswa menggunakan struktur kognitif untuk memproses informasi dan menciptakan makna dengan cara (1) membuat koneksi, (2) menemukan pola, (3) mengidentifikasi aturan, dan (4) mengabstraksikan prinsip-prinsip.
Kata kunci: struktur kognitif, berpikir matematis, bilangan bulat.
ABSTRACT
Learning that is more emphasized on procedures and results in solving problems will not activate the cognitive structure (thinking) of students and does not improve the ability to mathematical thinking. Students will only imitate the procedures performed by the teacher. This research is a case study of mathematics learning in the fourth grade of elementary school in integer division material. The research objective is to describe the cognitive structure of students in solving problems. The study uses a combination method (qualitative - quantitative) with concurrent embedded design. The data collection technique is done in triangulation, namely participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The results showed that the cognitive structure of class IV students reached the level of comparative cognitive structure (group A) and cognitive structure of logical reasoning (group B). Students use cognitive structures to process information and create meaning by (1) making connections, (2) finding patterns, (3) identifying rules, and (4) abstracting principles
Keywords: cognitive structure, mathematical thinking, integers.
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